Prof. Dr. Guy H. Palmer

Program Director, Guy H. Palmer: Dr. Palmer's undergraduate education culminated in a BS in Biology followed by a DVM from Kansas State University.
He completed a residency in comparative pathology in 1983 and is board-certified in anatomic pathology by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists (1984).
With support from a NIH Fellowship, he completed a PhD in Microbiology in 1984 with dissertation research in rickettsial immunity. After an additional post-doctoral fellowship, Dr. Palmer joined the faculty in the Departments of Comparative/Experimental Pathology and Infectious Diseases at the University of Florida.
Since 1988, with the exception of a year as a Visiting Scientist in the Institute of Animal Pathology in Bern (Switzerland), Dr. Palmer has been in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology at Washington State University and is a member of the Graduate Faculty.
Dr. Palmer's current research is focused in two directions: understanding antigenic variation of Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen; and enhancing the efficacy of DNA vaccines to prime and expand CD4+ T lymphocyte responses. The primary focus of research on A. marginale is to identify the mechanisms of pathogen persistence and determinants of successful transmission. In the past 5 years, research with trainees and faculty colleagues has led to the discovery of the genetic basis underlying the continual antigenic variation associated with persistence. Importantly, this research on the msp2 gene family responsible for this persistence led to the identification of conserved orthologues among other animal and human pathogens in the Family Anaplasmataceae. These antigens are currently the primary focus of pathogenesis and vaccine development research in all the members of this Family. DNA vaccine research has focused on enhancing early events in antigen processing and presentation by increasing dendritic cell recruitment to the site of immunization and developing novel vaccine vectors that markedly increase dendritic cell uptake of antigen.
Dr. Palmer has also conducted research with trainees and colleagues on mechanisms of immunity for tick-borne protozoal pathogens in the genus Babesia and in enhancing T cell priming in the lung of neonates using Rhodococcus equi infection as a model. His research with colleagues and trainees has resulted in 155 refereed publications including manuscripts in Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, Infection and Immunity, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Journal of Immunology, Journal of Virology, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, PNAS, and Science. Experience in research training includes being major advisor for the 12 trainees with DVM degrees who earned the PhD, 7 trainees who earned the MS, and 8 post-PhD fellows. Seven of the DVMs pursuing their PhD were supported by K11 Physician-Scientist or K08 Mentored Clinical Scientist Development awards.
Dr. Palmer serves as Director of the NIH Immunology Training Program at Washington State University and is on the Board of Directors for the NIH Biotechnology Training Program and the University Biotechnology Center. He serves on NIH Advisory Committees for Bacteriology and Mycology, Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, and Bioterrorism. In addition, he serves as an
advisor in animal diseases to the Wellcome Trust.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Provide the following information for the key personnel in the order listed for Form Page 2. Follow the sample format for each person. DO NOT EXCEED FOUR PAGES.

NAME Guy H. Palmer	POSITION TITLE Professor of Microbiology and Pathology
EDUCATION/TRAINING (Begin with baccalaureate or other initial professional education, such as nursing, and include postdoctoral training.)
INSTITUTION AND LOCATION		DEGREE (if applicable)	YEAR(s)	FIELD OF STUDY
Kansas State University College of Arts & Science		BS	1977	Biology
Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine		DVM	1980	Veterinary Medicine
Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory		Residency	1983	Anatomic Pathology
Washington State University		PhD	1984	Microbiology
Washington State University		Post-doctoral	1985	Immunology

A. Positions and Honors:
Professional Experience:
1980-83 Resident in Anatomic Pathology, Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Graduate Research Fellow, Dept. of Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University
1983-85 Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University
1985-88 Assistant Professor and Doctoral Research Faculty, Departments of Experimental Pathology and Infectious Diseases, University of Florida
1988-93 Associate Professor and Graduate Faculty, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University
1995-96 Visiting Scientist, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
1993-present Professor and Graduate Faculty, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University

Clinical Specialty: Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Pathologists, 1984.
Honors and awards: B.S. (1977) and D.V.M. (1980), Summa Cum Laude; O.M. Franklin Scholar (1978-80);
Cornelius Young Investigator Award (1987); Beecham Award for Research Excellence (1992); Merck Award for Creativity (1995); Newbrey Teaching Scholar (1995;1997-2000).

B. Recent peer-reviewed publications (selected from 150 total publications):
Rurangirwa, F.R., Stiller, D.S., French, D.M., and Palmer, G.H.: Restriction of Major Surface Protein 2 (MSP2) variants during tick transmission of the ehrlichiae Anaplasma marginale. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 96:3171-3176, 1999.
French, D.M., Brown, W.C., and Palmer, G.H.: Emergence of Anaplasma marginale antigenic variants during persistent rickettsemia. Infection and Immunity, 67:5834-5840, 1999.
Tuo, W., Palmer, G.H., McGuire, T.C., Zhu, D., and Brown, W.C.: Interleukin-12 as an adjuvant promotes immunoglobulin G (IgG) and type 1 cytokine recall responses to the major surface protein-2 (MSP-2) of the ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale. Infection and Immunity, 68: 270-280, 2000.
Palmer, G.H., Brown, W.C., and Rurangirwa, F.R.: Antigenic variation in the persistence and transmission of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale. Microbes and Infection, 2:167-176, 2000.
Barbet, A.F., Lundgren, A., Yi, J., Rurangirwa, F.R., and Palmer, G.H.: Antigenic variation of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale by expression of MSP2 sequence mosaics. Infection and Immunity, 68:6133-6138, 2000.
Mwangi, W., Brown, W.C., and Palmer, G.H.: Identification of flt3-ligand isoforms required for receptor binding and function using naturally occurring ligand isoforms. Journal of Immunology, 165:6966-6974, 2000.
Camacho-Nuez, M., Muñoz, M. de Lourdes, Suarez, C.E., McGuire, T.C., Brown, W.C., and Palmer, G.H.: Expression of polymorphic msp1 genes during acute Anaplasma marginale rickettsemia. Infection and Immunity, 68:1946-1952, 2000.
Rurangirwa, F.R., Stiller, D.S., and Palmer, G.H.: Strain diversity in MSP2 expression during tick transmission of Anaplasma marginale. Infection and Immunity, 68: 3023-3027, 2000.
Brayton, K.A., Knowles, D.P., McGuire, T.C., and Palmer, G.H.: Efficient use of a small genome to generate antigenic diversity in tick-borne ehrlichial pathogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 98:4130-4135, 2001.
Florin-Christensen, J., Suarez, C.E., Florin-Christiansen, M., Brown, W.C., McElwain, T.F., and Palmer, G.H.: A unique phospholipid organization in bovine erythrocyte membranes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 98:7736-7741, 2001.
Brown, W.C., McGuire, T.C., Zhu, D., Lewin, H.A., Sosnow, J., and Palmer, G.H.: Highly conserved regions of the immunodominant Major Surface Protein 2 (MSP2) of the ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale are rich in naturally derived CD4+ T lymphocyte epitopes that elicit strong recall responses. Journal of Immunology, 166:1114-1125, 2001.
Palmer, G.H., Rurangirwa, F.R., and McElwain, T.F.: Strain composition of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale within persistently infected cattle, a mammalian reservoir for tick-transmission. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 39:631-635, 2001.
Löhr, C.V., Rurangirwa, F.R., McElwain, T.F., Stiller, D., and Palmer G.H.: Specific expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 salivary gland variants occurs in the midgut and is an early event during tick transmission. Infection and Immunity, 70:114-120, 2002.
Shkap, V., Molad, T., Brayton, K.A., Brown, W.C., and Palmer, G.H.: Expression of Major Surface Protein-2 variants with conserved T cell epitopes in Anaplasma centrale vaccinates. Infection and Immunity, 70:642-648, 2002.
Mosqueda, J., McElwain, T.F., Stiller, D., and Palmer G.H.: Babesia bovis MSA-1 and RAP-1 are expressed in sporozoites and specific antibodies inhibit sporozoite attachment to erythrocytes. Infection and Immunity, 70:1599-1603, 2002.
Brayton, K.A., Palmer, G.H., Lundgren, A., Yi, J., and Barbet, A.F.: Antigenic variation of Anaplasma marginale msp2 occurs by combinatorial gene conversion. Molecular Microbiology, 43:1151-1159, 2002.
Rurangirwa, F.R., Brayton, K.A., McGuire, T.C., Knowles, D.P., and Palmer, G.H.: Conservation of the unique rickettsial rRNA gene arrangement in Anaplasma. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 52:1405-1409, 2002.
Brown, W.C., McGuire, T.C., Mwangi, W., Kegerreis, K.A., Macmillan, H., Lewin, H.A., and Palmer, G.H.: MHC class II DR restricted memory CD4+ T lymphocytes recognize conserved immunodominant epitopes of Anaplasma marginale Major Surface Protein 1a (MSP1a). Infection and Immunity, 70:5521-5532, 2002.
Mosqueda, J., McElwain, and Palmer G.H.: Babesia bovis MSA-2 proteins are expressed on the merozoite and sporozoite surface and specific antibodies inhibit attachment and invasion of erythrocytes. Infection and Immunity, 70:6448-6455, 2002.
Mwangi, W., Brown, W.C., Lewin, H.A., Howard, C.J., Hope, J.C., Caplazi, P., Baszler, T.V., Abbott, J.R., and Palmer, G.H. DNA encoded FLT3 Ligand and GM-CSF increase dendritic cell recruitment to the inoculation site and enhance antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses induced by DNA vaccination of outbred animals. Journal of Immunology, 169:3837-3846, 2002.
Löhr, C.V., Brayton, K.A., Shkap, V., Molad, T., Barbet, A.F., Brown, W.C., and Palmer G.H.: Expression of Anaplasma marginale msp2 Operon-Associated Proteins during mammalian and arthropod infection. Infection and Immunity, 70:6005-6012, 2002.
Lopez, M.A., Hines, M.T., Palmer, G.H., Alperin, D.C., and Hines, S.A.: Identification of pulmonary T-lymphocyte and serum antibody isotype responses associated with protection against Rhodococcus equi. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 9:1270-1276, 2002.
Meeus, P.F.M., Brayton, K.A., Palmer, G.H., and Barbet, A.F.: Conservation of a gene conversion mechanism in two distantly related paralogues of Anaplasma marginale. Molecular Microbiology, 633-643, 2003.
Brown, W.C., Brayton, K.A., Styer, C.M., and Palmer, G.H.: The hypervariable region of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 (MSP2) contains multiple immunodominant CD4+ T lymphocyte epitopes that elicit variant-specific proliferative and IFN- responses in MSP2 vaccinates. Journal of Immunology, 170:3790-3798, 2003.
Löhr, C.V., Brayton, K.A., Barbet, A.F., and Palmer G.H.: Characterization of the Anaplasma marginale msp2 locus and its synteny with the omp1/p30 loci of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and E. canis. Gene, 325:115-121, 2004.